ABSTRACT
In many subsurface sensing and imaging applications, it is important to investigate noninvasively buried objects, underground structures, and the characteristics of soil and rocks below the ground surface. Along with seismic sounding, electromagnetic methods are the principle noninvasive means for gathering subsurface information about underground objects, including buried waste recovery, ground-water survey, land mine detection, and excavation planning. Commercial-off-the-shelf ground penetrating radar (GPR) subsurface detection systems are available for finding discrete buried objects and characterizing subsurface structures, and novel GPR designs have been developed for specific design challenges, such as mine and buried contaminant detection.
