ABSTRACT
Optics refers to the diverse body of science and technology that seeks to explain, generate, transmit,
manipulate, detect, and use light. The use of light for practical purposes has a long history. Mirrors have
been in use for thousands of years. In the early 1600s, the first lenses were ground for telescopes and
microscopes. During the early 1700s, Isaac Newton framed the fundamental principles of reflection
and refraction. Optics continues to be an evolving field, with several significant technological advances
and application opportunities that have positioned it for substantial growth in the future (Saleh and
Teich 1991).
