ABSTRACT
Previous chapters describe processor instruction sets and operand addressing. This chapter discusses programming languages that allow programmers to specify all the details of instructions and operand addresses. The chapter is not a tutorial about a language for a particular processor. Instead, it provides a general assessment of features commonly found in low-level languages. The chapter examines programming paradigms, and explains how programming in a low-level language differs from programming in a conventional language. Finally, the chapter describes software that translates a low-level language into binary instructions.
