ABSTRACT
This chapter presents a case study of a 2-year-old girl who is presented to the Emergency Department with complaints of central abdominal pain and a change in behaviour. The patient appears to have a lower urinary tract infection, which may be recurrent when taking the history into account. The patient has symptoms suggestive of cystitis and has a positive dipstick result. In this case, it is also important to address the issue of her underlying constipation, with advice regarding diet and fluid intake, and consideration of the use of laxatives. The patient is considered to have recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) based on three episodes of cystitis and warrants further outpatient investigation to identify whether there is an underlying predisposition to infection and whether she has had subsequent renal tissue scarring. If the patient can tolerate oral antibiotics and is clinically stable on assessment in the Emergency Department, discharge can be considered.
