ABSTRACT

The process and operational variables that influence the sinter productivity and its quality are interinfluencing and guided by their limiting conditions with respect to the sintering process. These variables and their effects on the sintering indices are outlined. The Chapter also discusses ways these variables could be modified and options for substitution. Higher sinter alumina demand an elevated sintering temperature and a longer sintering time to promote melt formation, which adversely affects the sinter strength and its reducibility. The means to neutralize these adverse effects is described with illustrations and case studies. The technique of selective granulation with a high alumina fraction of ores being separated out and pelletized to form nuclei particles, which are subsequently fed into the remaining base mix, is described. The flux related parameters—type (CaO versus MgO), substitution, and size—are mentioned in the Chapter. The manner; the fluxes are calcined and assimilated with ferruginous material, affects the sintering indices. This depends on types of fluxes and their sizes. The effect of solid fuel and its characteristics—that is, reactivity, chemical composition, and particle size—on the sintering indices are briefed. The adverse effects of high ash content in coke and methodology to reduce the coke consumption in the sintering process are also reported. The basis of selecting alternate resources of MgO and fuel and related plant practices are also mentioned. The basics and plant practices on the techniques of coating and selective granulation involving the (mode) addition of fluxes and coke are reported‥ The operating practice of the sinter-making process (i.e., moisture content, bed height, frequency of machine stoppages, and suction pressure), which have an influence on the sintering indices, are described.