ABSTRACT
The word “project” derives from the Latin words projectum and prociere, which translate into “to throw something forward.” A project’s time boundary is set at the beginning, the input, and at the end, the output, acting as walls of sorts. Project managers can set up a plan without having determined whom they are going to employ, or who will be the floor manager. The surveillance group belongs to power, because it implies some form of authority and decision-making involving others; at minimum, it includes project managers and some key staff. Project staff reach the point of autonomy when they can theoretically operate the entire transformation process, or the parts that concern them without supervision. In preparing the causal chain, marketing and project managers determine exactly what they need to succeed. Processes are all the repetitive mechanisms that ensure the project progresses; for example, hiring staff involves a process of placing an ad, collecting curricula vitae, and interviewing candidates.
