ABSTRACT
The Universe is the source of matter that makes up minerals, rocks, and life on Earth. Geochronology is used to assign dates to geological events. It is based on four fundamentally different methods: radiometric methods; stratigraphic methods; paleontological methods; and paleomagnetic dating methods. Paleontological dating is based on the fact that some biological species lived only during a certain period of time. Fossilization is a group of processes that slowly mineralize the components of living organisms and leave traces in rocks. This chapter examines the major stages that led to the creation of chemical elements that make up the Earth's materials. It discusses the great changes the Earth has seen from the time of its accretion, in all its components: geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere. The modern Earth is the result of many processes that have been active over a long history.
