ABSTRACT
Prior to discussing the fundamental properties of the surface layers of solid polymers, it is necessary to mention briefly the most general properties of the surface layers of liquid and solid bodies. It is well-known that these bodies have a free surface and the structure and properties of the surface greatly differ from the structure and properties of these phases in the volume. The molecules in the surface of the liquid and the solid body, in contrast to the molecules in the bulk, are not surrounded by other molecules from all sides.
