ABSTRACT
The introduction of plant pathogens in new areas is largely inuenced by international exchange of seed and planting stock. In fact, global trade and exchange has contributed to the dispersal of many pathogens into regions of the world where they previously did not exist (Zadoks, 2008). Also, the movement of people from and between low-and middle-income countries, carrying their own food and dodging border controls, may contribute to the spread of pathogens.
