ABSTRACT

Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) are important techniques for resolving the structure of matter down to atomic resolution. Many papers describing X-ray methods are valuable for pure science or practical applications, and their results are used in various branches of science and technology. Phase and microphase separation induced by different factors (crosslinking, hydration, stretching, and temperature) are studied by small-angle X-ray scattering, while X-ray powder diffraction is a powerful method used in the identication of multiphase systems.