ABSTRACT
The discussion in this chapter begins with a consideration of devices for conveying gases and liquids to, from, or between units of process equipment. This equipment can be a signicant source of materials loss in an industrial facility, and analysis of such equipment often leads to the discovery of signicant pollution prevention opportunities. Some of the devices discussed are simply conduits for the movement of material (e.g., pipes, ducts, ttings, and stacks); others control the ow of material (e.g., dampers and valves); still others provide the mechanical driving force for ow (e.g., fans, pumps, and compressors). This chapter also covers storage facilities, holding tanks, materialshandling devices and techniques, and utilities (e.g., gas, steam, and water). The last section of this chapter discusses the role that different types of instrument schemes play in controlling all of the aforementioned process equipment.
