ABSTRACT
Adenovirus vectors represent an attractive platform for the treatment of many important clinical diseases. However, numerous studies of adenovirus biodistribution in rodents and humans have shown that a large proportion of the administered vector is neutralized or sequestered by the host immune system. The mechanisms of adenovirus vector removal from the bloodstream are determined by an intricate interplay between the host factors, cells, and the virus. Macrophages in various organs are the first responders to the adenovirus vector, but require the assistance of various blood factors for successful elimination of the adenovirus. While there are various mechanisms of eradicating adenovirus vectors from the blood, they all culminate in the death and removal of virus-containing cells. For the successful application of adenovirus-based therapies, the negative influence of the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system should be taken into account when developing effective strategies of implementation of adenovirus vectors for clinical therapy.
