ABSTRACT
Plants require essential elements such as macronutrients (K, Ca, N, P, S, and Mg) and micronutrients (B, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mo, Ni, and Cl) at certain levels for their growth, development, and reproduction. However, abiotic stresses such as salt, water, and temperature stress create an ionic imbalance in the growth medium. They disintegrate the water availability, affecting the ionic imbalance, which in turn disturbs the uptake and translocation of essential elements. On the other hand, salinity induces a few essential elements to be taken up at phytotoxic levels. These abnormalities cause ionic, oxidative, and osmotic stress, followed by lethal effects in the case of longer exposure to the stress. Integral nutrient management was proposed as an effective strategy to overcome the abiotic stresses. Among those, the application of silicon, a
3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................48 3.1.1 Essential Elements ......................................................................................................48 3.1.2 Stress ...........................................................................................................................48 3.1.3 Importance of Silicon to Overcoming Stress ............................................................. 49
3.2 Salt Stress ................................................................................................................................50 3.2.1 Nutrient Imbalance Caused by NaCl ..........................................................................50 3.2.2 Anomaly of Silicon during Saline Condition .............................................................50
