ABSTRACT
Prostate cancer (PC) is the leading malignancy among men around the world. Although it is the second most incident cancer, it stands only at the sixth position in death rate. This huge difference between incidence and mortality is due to the slow and constant rate of headway of the disease resulting in a long latent preclinical stage. Almost 80% of men in their eighties have a high chance of developing PC, and around 50% of men in their late fi fties have prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, which greatly increases the risk of PC. Prostate cancer also shows great dependency on the effect of race and genetic and epigenetic changes. Black men have a higher chance of developing PC, and
native Japanese have the lowest (Altekruse et al., 2010; Bunker et al., 2002). People migrating from Southeast Asia to the west have a higher risk of PC, indicating the effect of epidemiological and environmental factors in PC (Peto, 2001). Most men affected with PC have an apathetic form of disease which does not require treatment. Only 10-20% of those affected with the more aggressive form of the disease may develop metastasis, ultimately resulting in death. The inability to distinguish between the two forms of PC has resulted in undertreatment or overtreatment in many cases (Delpierre et al., 2013; Lee et al., 2013; Moyer, 2012).
