ABSTRACT
Otitis externa is an uncommon disorder. It may result from infection with bacteria, fungi or mycobacteria, or infestation with arthropod parasites (Cnemidocoptes). It may occur as an extension of generalised skin disease or may be due to neoplasia or trauma. Affected birds often demonstrate head shaking, yawning, head tilt and ataxia. Closer examination may reveal an aural exudate (serous, purulent or haemorrhagic). There may be caseated material in the ear canal. Diagnosis is based on clinical signs, cytology and culture. The narrow ear canal makes visualization with anything larger than a 1.9 mm rigid endoscope difficult, if not impossible. Otitis media and otitis interna are uncommon. They can occur as a result of developmental abnormalities seen in some canaries. Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory therapy may be of some value, although the prognosis is guarded. In cases of otitis media a myringotomy, perhaps combined with an ear canal ablation, may allow gentle irrigation and removal of caseated pus in the middle ear.
