ABSTRACT
Candidiasis, also known as thrush, moniliasis, sour crop and crop mycosis, is most commonly due to an overgrowth of the yeast Candida albicans, which can be part of the normal intestinal flora and is frequently isolated from droppings of normal birds. It is primarily a disease of the upper gastrointestinal tract but can be found lower in the tract on occasion. Affected birds show general malaise, weight loss and reduced growth rates. There may be regurgitation/ vomiting. Diagnosis is based on history, clinical signs and lesions, as culture alone may not distinguish between normal flora, dietary yeast and pathogenic overgrowth. Trichomoniasis is also known as cankeror frounce. It is most commonly seen in budgerigars, lorikeets, pigeons and raptors, but has been reported in most species. It has a worldwide distribution. Most commonly clinical signs are related to gastrointestinal dysfunction: passing whole food in droppings; regurgitation; weight loss; anorexia, lethargy and depression.
