ABSTRACT
H.T. Odum was among the first to define ecological engineering (Odum, 1962, 1983) as the “environmental manipulation by man using small amounts of supplementary energy to control systems in which the main energy drives are coming from natural sources.” Odum further developed the concept (Odum, 1983) of ecological engineering as follows: ecological engineering, the engineering of new ecosystems designs, is a field that uses systems that are mainly self-organizing. Straskraba (1985) has defined ecological engineering, or as he calls it ecotechnology, more broadly, as the use of technological means for ecosystem management, based on a deep ecological understanding, to minimize the costs of measures and their harm to the environment. Ecological engineering and ecotechnology may be considered synonymous.
