ABSTRACT
In 1949, John Aldrich and Robert Stewart [18] contracted with the lumber interests that controlled timber land in northern Maine to study an infestation of budworms, a species of moth that was defoliating the fir and spruce trees and threatened productivity of the managed forest. They were ecologists of a different era and their methodology was not unusual for the time: try to understand the life cycle of the budworms by simplifying their ecology. What would happen if there were no predators eating them?
