ABSTRACT
Microcontact Printing and Micromolding ........................................ 196 9.7.2 Engineering Cardiac Tissues in Three Dimensions:
Bundles and Patches ......................................................................... 197 9.8 Functional Testing with a Heart-on-a-Chip .................................................. 198
9.8.1 Electrophysiology ............................................................................. 199 9.8.1.1 Microelectrode Arrays ....................................................... 199 9.8.1.2 Voltage-and Calcium-Sensitive Dyes ................................ 199
9.8.2 Contractility .....................................................................................200 9.8.2.1 Two-Dimensional Muscular Thin Films ............................200 9.8.2.2 Three-Dimensional Tissue Tension Gauges ......................202
