ABSTRACT
Introduction ............................................................................................................ 194 Understanding the Mechanics of Interactions ........................................................ 194
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics ....................................................... 194 Pharmacokinetics.......................................................................................... 194 Absorption .................................................................................................... 195 Distribution ................................................................................................... 195 Metabolism (Biotransformation) .................................................................. 195 Excretion ...................................................................................................... 195 Bioavailability .............................................................................................. 195 Pharmacodynamics ....................................................................................... 195
Food-Drug Interactions .................................................................................... 195 Drug-Nutrient Interactions ............................................................................... 196
The Effect of Nutrients and Foods on Drugs Varies Depending on Many Factors .... 196 Examples of Interactions ................................................................................... 196
Cardiovascular Drug: Warfarin ..................................................................... 197 Effect of Grapefruit Juice on Drugs ............................................................. 197 Fibers ............................................................................................................ 197 Licorice ......................................................................................................... 198 Coffee and Tea .............................................................................................. 198
Effects of Nutrients on Drugs............................................................................ 198 Dairy Products (Calcium) ............................................................................. 198
Additives and Excipients ....................................................................................... 199 Vitamin K .......................................................................................................... 199 Vitamin E .......................................................................................................... 199 CoEnzymeQ ...................................................................................................... 199 Beta-Carotene .................................................................................................... 199 Vitamin B12 ........................................................................................................200 B Complex ........................................................................................................200
The Benets of Minimizing Negative Food-Drug Interactions.............................200 Conclusion .............................................................................................................200 References .............................................................................................................. 201
Drugs have been long known to cure, treat, and prevent diseases. With the recent advent of nutraceuticals and other allied elds, people have become aware of the curative and preventive properties of foods and food components as well. Although both exhibit similar actions when combined, they interact with each other and can increase, decrease, or have no effect at all.
