ABSTRACT
Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) are mesenchymal tumours of the GI tract. They develop as well demarcated spherical masses arising out of the muscularis propria. Achalasia is an esophageal motility disorder involving the smooth muscle layer of the oesophagus and the lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS). It is characterised by incomplete LOS relaxation, increased LOS tone, and aperistalsis of the oesophagus in the absence of other explanations like cancer or fibrosis. The main symptoms of achalasia are dysphagia and regurgitation of undigested food. Dysphagia tends to become progressively worse over time and to involve both fluid and solid. Lower oesophageal cancer must always be ruled out with an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. The internal tissue of the oesophagus generally appears normal in endoscopy, although a pop may be observed as the scope is passed through the non-relaxing lower esophageal sphincter with some difficulty, and food debris may be found above the LOS.
