ABSTRACT
Since it was rst reported in 1972, genetic engineering has been rapidly progressing for treating many genetic and acquired diseases including cancer, diabetes, and tissue damage. Genetic engineering represented by recombinant DNA technology is applied to various elds including medicine, agriculture, and stockbreeding. Recently, recombinant DNA technology has been widely used for developing various protein drugs and for gene therapy. Nucleotides, including DNA, small interfering RNA (siRNA), and micro RNA, provide information needed by the cells and control the protein production. Protein not only works in the cell but also controls the organ and whole body functions. The absence or overexpression of specic proteins in the body can lead to various clinical symptoms due to their structural or functional changes. Gene therapy allows delivery of specic nucleotides to control the absence or overexpression of certain proteins responsible for diseases.
