ABSTRACT
This chapter explores the possible signs and symptoms of common health concerns which women present. Hot flushes are one of the most common symptoms of the climacteric or menopause, and are due to decreasing oestrogen levels. Therefore anything that interferes with oestrogen levels can cause hot flushes. Premenstrual symptoms can be both physical and emotional. There is a spectrum of mild but identifiable symptoms. In premenstrual dysphoric disorder the symptoms are severe and disabling. Vaginal dryness is a common condition that affects women of all ages. It is estimated that 10-40% of women who have reached the menopause have symptoms related to vaginal dryness. Vaginal discharge is usually a symptom of the reproductive years, and is influenced by the menstrual cycle, use of the oral contraceptive pill, pregnancy and sexual activity. Breast pain is a common symptom in up to two-thirds of women, and is usually associated with cyclical hormonal changes.
