ABSTRACT
Sexual reproduction is a successful strategy in the evolution of mammals. It is organized as a highly complex behavioral repertoire of each mating pair that relies on the function of multiple systems that involve an elaborate neural network. While multiple regions of the brain and spinal cord are recognized as main structures underlying sexual behavior, our laboratory has shown that the cerebellum in particular is a key structure in reproductive processes. The cerebellum controls complex movements during courtship, mating, and parental behavior. Furthermore, it seems that the cerebellum integrates signals coming from sense organs that trigger processes leading to copulation. In the present review, we compile the current knowledge of the role of the cerebellum in the execution of sexual behavior.
