ABSTRACT
The replacement of diseased, damaged, or worn-out tissue was for centuries a dream of the medical profession. Achieving the reality required overcoming three fundamental problems. First, transplants must be introduced in ways that allow them to perform their normal physiological functions. Second, the health of both recipient and transplant must be maintained during surgery and other procedures used during transplantation. Third, the recipient’s immune system must be prevented from responding to the transplant and causing its rejection.
