ABSTRACT
This chapter starts with a discussion of the help that the European Union (EU), the United States, and the World Bank have provided to Africa and the Middle East to advance their energy development. It includes a first-hand account of the EU efforts by Wolfgang Palz, the head of EU renewable energy programs for many years and the originator of many of these assistance programs. The World Bank efforts are described by Anil Cabraal, who initiated many of the Bank's solar energy assistance programs while working at the Bank. The US Agency for International Development is the lead US government agency focused on development efforts to reduce global poverty. US government foreign aid to the Middle East has, in recent decades, been dominated by military spending. Two nations, Israel and Egypt, have been the major recipients since the Camp David Peace Accords were signed in 1979. Since 1946, the US.
