ABSTRACT
Chapter 2 is devoted to the main problems arising in the macroscopic electrodynamic of nonideal type-II superconductors. The laws of the stable penetration of magnetic flux into superconductors, which are in a changing external magnetic field or when a transport current is charged into them, are discussed. Stable modes of the superconducting state formation are considered in the framework of the Bean model, viscous flux-flow model and models based on the real voltage-current characteristic of superconductor. The analysis of the sweep-rate and relaxation modes is performed in the scaling approximation. The corresponding results of the numerical simulations performed in a more general setting prove the scaling solutions. As a result, the characteristic physical features of the electrodynamic phenomena in low-temperature and high-temperature superconductors are formulated.
