ABSTRACT
This chapter details the following Fluid flow, Chemical reactors, Heat exchangers, Mass transfer operation and Plant design. One set of costs, namely, the fixed charges (cost of the pipe, fittings, and installation) will increase with an increase in the pipe diameter. On the other hand, for a given flow rate, the power costs due to pressure drop decrease as the pipe size increases. A reactor where mixing is important is the tank flow or continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). In many environmental, chemical, and petrochemical plants there are cold streams that must be heated and hot streams that must be cooled. Most heat exchangers are designed with the requirements/specification that the temperature difference between the hot and cold fluid be at all times positive and be at least 20°F. One of the more important mass transfer operations involves the transfer of gases – including those that are toxic – within a plant.
