ABSTRACT
This chapter describes in detail how mechanism design, risk management, a comprehensive strategic planning using strategic adaptive cognition and risk mechanism theory can be used to address environmental risks and attain sustainable development goals (SDGs). Sustainable development requires a systemic response involving transformative changes, especially in policy and institutional systems from all sectors of society. SDG challenges and outcomes are a characteristic of mechanism design. Mechanism designers are institutions or people, choosing the right rules of their mechanisms to determine their objectives accordingly. The risk mechanism theory risk exposure, socio-economic, environmental, and resilience capacity indicators provide an overview of different risks a nation can be affected with that hinder the SDGs realization underlying the three dimensions of risks: risk exposure, socio-economic and environmental vulnerabilities, and resilience level capacity. Economic development and entrepreneurship are vital for a path to sustainable development because it generates an important addition to the overall gross domestic product, particularly in developing countries.
