ABSTRACT
Golf courses provide a unique ecological balance and habitat with the surrounding environment. Studies repeatedly demonstrate the positive effects most courses have on it. Conflicts, however, may arise if unwanted pests such as weeds, insects, nematodes, and diseases invade, reducing the intended quality and/or playability of the course. In recent years, incorporating a commonsense approach of achieving these goals has been accomplished by gathering information, analyzing the information, and making a knowledgeable decision. The evolving science of integrated pest management (IPM) combines proper plant selection, correct cultural practices, monitoring of pests and environmental conditions, use of biological control, and the judicious use of pesticides. Like the pieces of a puzzle, all are critical to complete the entire picture of turfgrass management and that is the overriding intent of this text. Unfortunately, pressure to maintain “tournament” conditions year-round have often forced superintendents to abandon certain sound agronomic practices. The theories and known practices for successful IPM practices are covered, as are best management practices for pesticide and nutrient use. Finally, various animal pests that often plague golf courses are covered, as well as the latest deterrent methods.
