ABSTRACT
An automated production system is one in which a process is performed by a number of machines without the direct participation of a human worker. The whole automated system is built from smaller automated units suitably coordinated. This chapter presents such smaller industrial applications of automation. It details the time function of traffic light operation at an intersection for two modes of traffic regulation: normal and night operation. The chapter examines a packaging system of balls in packets of six different items. In the food industry, the machine for production of Greek tzatziki consists of: three silos containing the raw materials, silos containing the raw materials, and so on. Retentive operation in a programmable logic controller (PLC) means that in the case of a power interruption, its energized internal elements preserve their state that existed before the interruption. Step motors are electric motors of specific construction for high-precision positioning applications in complex machines.
