ABSTRACT
An actuator is a device that uses some type of energy and produces the required force, either providing motion to an object or actuating something. All actuators are controllable devices for performing the desired manufacturing operations, in order to have a well-controlled and automated production process. Furthermore, electric actuators include the category of electric motors of all kinds, such as the stepper motors, servomotors, linear motors, and solenoids. A pneumatic actuator converts and transmits pneumatic energy derived from a central, pressurized air source into mechanical movement energy. Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) are a process technology based on techniques of microfabrication, and are used to create devices that have the ability to sense, control, and actuate on the micro scale, while generating effects on the macro scale. A latching relay, after its activation, maintains its contact position although the coil power supply has been removed, and therefore has two relaxed states as an electronic, bistable flip-flop.
