ABSTRACT
This chapter presents conventional transmission line equations for propagation of incident waves with consideration of longitudinal inductance and resistance as well as transverse conductance and capacitance. However, the conventional set of equations for analysis of wave propagation cannot be used for symmetrical operating conditions involving a return path through Earth, a voltage level beyond the corona threshold, and conditions at high frequencies. For small gaps under an applied high DC voltage, Jhawar and Chalmers confirmed the generally accepted square-law dependence of corona current with respect to region voltage. The formula also can be applied to corona formation from trees during the passing of thunderstorms. T. E. Allibone and J. C. Saunderson indicated by their work that by careful selection of the measuring parameters they have been able to record corona pulses that form at a negatively charged point several meters above a plane electrode.
