ABSTRACT
Procedures for the analysis of water and sediment samples and for biota are outlined, and some of the reactions used for derivatizing functional groups are summarized. Attention is drawn to the range of analytes — including transformation products — that may be encountered in environmental samples and to some of the problems in the analysis of commercial mixtures and complex effluents. The chapter discusses the chemical analysis which lies at the heart of almost all environmental investigations whether they are devoted to monitoring the distribution of a xenobiotic, evaluating its persistence and toxicity, or determining its partition among environmental matrices. The analysis will, therefore, generally encompass at least the following steps: extraction, concentration, and cleanup with or without derivatization, identification, and quantification. Organic solvents are used at all stages of the analytical procedures — for extraction. The chapter illustrates a number of different cleanup procedures for environmental samples.
