ABSTRACT
Agricultural operations generate huge quantities of manure, which must be eliminated in a manner that is consistent with public health guidelines. During the last three decades, several researchers have tried to utilize filamentous fungi, particularly thermophilic strains, for the development of environmentally friendly compost that does not emit odors into the environment. Composting refers to the controlled aerobic conversion of mixed organic materials into a form that is suitable for addition to soil or for growing plants, including mushroom cultivation. Biologically, composting represents an amazing example of solid-state fermentation wherein crude wastes are treated through microbial routes for anticipated benefits. In this chapter, an account of the bioconversion of lignocellulosic materials using thermophilic strains, the physicochemical aspects of composts, the ecology of thermophilic fungi in mushroom composts, and various methods of composting is presented. Finally, the growth promotion of Agaricus bisporus by thermophilic fungi and the physiological interactions of thermophilic fungi and their role in co-composting are discussed, and prospects for future study are identified.
