ABSTRACT
Implicit and explicit methods for solving the boundary-layer equations are presented in this chapter. These include finite-difference and finite-volume schemes such as the DuFort–Frankel, Crank–Nicolson, and the Box schemes and the details of their implementation. Details on methods to treat nonlinear behavior, stability, and convergence are covered. Computational techniques for solving both internal and external flow problems are included and solutions are presented using both native coordinates and a generalized coordinate approach. Turbulent flows and topics that are singularly applicable to those flows such as use of wall functions are discussed and a number of examples illustrating these ideas are given. Separated flow and viscous–inviscid interaction are studied and the applicability of the boundary-layer equations, including the use of inverse methods, in solving these flows is examined. Applications to free-shear flows are briefly covered and three-dimensional boundary layers are introduced along with some properties specific to such flows like zones of influence. In concluding this chapter, the problems presented by unsteady boundary-layer flows are discussed and progress in computing their solutions is reviewed.
