ABSTRACT
At the current state of technology, major efforts in RMAB development have been put into the development of air-electrodes, and in particular bifunctional electrocatalysts for both ORR and OER. This chapter 4 presents the doped-carbon based composites as bifunctional catalysts for RMABs in terms of their material selection, synthesis strategy, structural characterization and electrochemical performance. As a special catalogue of bifunctional electrocatalysts, the low-cost materials of doped-carbon composited with other elements or compounds have been extensively explored and have shown promising performances in terms of catalytic activity and stability. Based on the collected literature data, the doped-carbon materials can play a strong interaction with other components, such as carbon, metal, metal oxides, or nitrides, favoring the enhancement of both ORR and OER activities as well as stability/durability. Also, in catalyzing ORR and OER, dual-doping in doped carbon-carbon composite catalysts can result in additional synergies, that is the interaction between not only carbon and dopants but also between two dopants, induced by the coupling of more than one heteroatoms in carbon.
