ABSTRACT
This chapter is concerned with what is most often termed multivariate data. Such data arise when researchers measure several variables on each individual in their study, and where all variables need to be examined simultaneously in order both to uncover whatever “patterns” or “structure” the data may contain and understand the key features of the data. Multivariate data arise when researchers measure several variables on each individual in their sample and there is no response variable. In most instances the variables are related in such a way that, when analyzed in isolation, they may often fail to reveal the full structure of the data. With the great majority of multivariate data sets, all the variables need to be examined simultaneously in order to uncover the patterns and key features in the data.
