ABSTRACT
Single optical components are the keys to and basis of any optical system; the most famous optical components are most likely lenses. Lenses represent the most important optical components of complex optical systems. Depending on the geometrical shape or function, lenses can be classified into converging and diverging ones. Cylindrical lenses play an essential role for the realization of high-quality optical systems but also daily-used convenience goods, for example, scanners. Lenses are the most important and commonly used optical components and are characterized by the basic surface shape of the optically active surfaces, spherical, aspherical, toric, or cylindrical. Optical components are the basis of any optical system and can generally be classified into lenses, prisms, and plates. Prisms can be classified into three main types: deflection prisms, dispersion prisms, and polarization prisms. Deflection prisms allow deflecting light from its initial direction of propagation, whereas segmentation of white light into its spectral fractions is achieved by the use of dispersion prisms.
