Chapter 13 discusses the design of displays and controls and the basics of signal detection theory, Hick' law, and Fitts' law. The principles are used to explain how and why the conspicuity and salience of displays should be maximized; why grouping principles should be used to layout consoles; why input and control devices shall be appropriate to the characteristics of user tasks, including the frequency, importance, sequence, and urgency of use, required standards of tasks performance, and the environmental conditions in which tasks are expected to be performed; why data entry and control devices should be self-descriptive in the context of the task and environment; why control–display relationships should conform to population stereotypes and user expectations; and why early prototyping and user consultation is mandatory. The use of skeuomorphs in the design of icons is discussed as is the design and layout of keyboards and tablets.