ABSTRACT
This chapter outlines strategic approaches to reducing energy consumption and carbon emissions in buildings. The focus is on identifying appropriate generic design considerations that can be addressed in priority order as practical steps to promote energy efficiency. The emphasis is on zero or low-carbon energy supply and efficient distribution, along with energy-efficient systems. The use of renewable energy systems has, until recently, been considered the logical third stage of the hierarchical energy strategy. The operational energy performance of a building is, to a very large extent, determined by the location, shape and form of the building and the properties of the envelope in contact with ambient conditions: the roof, external walls and relevant floor slab(s). The intention, from an energy perspective, is for the envelope to modify the climate towards that desired for comfort through moderating and discouraging those aspects that are undesirable and enabling and encouraging those aspects that are beneficial.
