ABSTRACT
At USG, the placenta may be visible as early as 10 weeks as a thickening of the hyperechoic rim of tissue around the gestational sac.
Fetal placenta—Chorion frondosum—develops from the blastocyst
Maternal placenta—Decidua basalis—develops from maternal uterine tissue
At 12–13 weeks, blood flow is easily demonstrable
By 14–15 weeks—Placenta is well established
Prominent hypoechoic retroplacental area composed of decidua, myometrium, and uterine vessels
Normal-term placenta measures 15–20 centimeters in length and 400–500 grams in weight at term
Maximum—4–5 centimeters in thickness
Thin placenta—Small for date fetus
Sign of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR)
Thick placenta (Placentomegaly)
Homogenous thickening
Diabetes mellitus (Gestational)
Anemia
Hydrops
Infections
Aneuploidy
Heterogenous (With multiple cystic spaces)
Triploidy
Placental hemorrhage
Villitis
Mesenchymal dysplasia
Beckwith–Wiedmann syndrome
