ABSTRACT
This chapter directs its attention to the geoenvironment compartment of industrial ecology. The particular concerns are in respect to item 3 above and many aspects of the 4Rs in item 2. We will consider the interactions on the geoenvironment by activities associated with manufacturing and service industries. As we will see, as far as geoenvironmental resources are concerned, and in respect to sustainability goals, the primary concerns are (1) use of natural resources as both raw materials and energy supply, and (2) emissions and waste discharges. Since the purview of this book addresses resource use from the geoenvironment framework and not from the industry perspective, we will concentrate our attention on the smokestack emissions and discharge of liquid and solid wastes and waste products.
