ABSTRACT
Koilonychia, concavity, or spoon-shaped nails, caused by thinning and softening of the nail plate. This classical nail disorder of
iron deficiency
is associated with postcricoid webbing. It is also seen in
hereditary hemochromatosis
and
porphyrias
. Clubbing, possibly due to reduced
ferritin
opening up the nail-bed arteriovenous anastomoses. It is traditionally associated with suppurative lung disease and cyanotic heart disease, but also occurs with celiac disease, Crohn’s disease, and
Hodgkin disease
involving the lungs.