ABSTRACT
Most plant species live in a symbiotic association with mycorrhizal fungi whose establish-
ment in roots increases the water supply and mineral nutrition. These soil-borne fungi
colonize the root cortex and develop external filaments, making connecting bridges between
roots and soil. They are recognized as improving plant fitness and soil quality. Widely
distributed under all ecosystems, they are the most common type of symbionts involved in
agricultural systems, influencing both plant production and plant protection.