ABSTRACT
Extrinsically, the essential factor in the causation of hallux valgus is tight and constrictive footwear. Intrinsically, the condition can be caused by a multitude of factors including pronation of the hindfoot,
pes planus, contracture of the Achilles’ tendon, generalized joint laxity, hypermobility of the first metatarsocuneiform joint, flaccid ligaments, poor musculature, neuromuscular disorders, congenital foot deformities, and rheumatic diseases. Heredity has also been implicated as a causal factor. Hardy and Clapham
discovered that of 91 hallux valgus cases, 63% had a positive family history of “bunions” compared to only 1% of the 84 control subjects. Certain anatomic variations in shape and stability of forefoot joint surfaces may predispose the foot to deforming forces from certain types of footwear.
