ABSTRACT

Astramorph PF, Duramorph, MS Contin, Infumorph, Kadian, MSIR, OMS Concentrate, RMS, Roxanol, Roxanol Rescudose, Roxanol SR, Roxanol 100,

and

Roxanol UD

). Morphine relieves pain by stimulating opiate receptors in the central nervous system (CNS). It is used in moderate to severe acute and chronic pain, as a preoperative sedative and adjunct to anesthesia, and in the management of dyspnea associated with left ventricular failure and pulmonary edema. Morphine is contraindicated in upper airway obstruction and acute asthma.