ABSTRACT
Introduction ...................................................................................................................................341
Efficacy Studies .............................................................................................................................341
Toxicological Studies....................................................................................................................343
References .....................................................................................................................................344
Insects are the vectors of the pathogens that cause dreadful diseases such as malaria, dengue, Japanese
encephalitis, plague, and other diseases. Various methods have been used for the control of these vectors
under different ecological conditions, with certain limitations depending upon their merits and
disadvantages. Awareness of the disadvantages of insecticides, especially in terms of toxicity, is
growing all over the world. Application of residual insecticide as a method of vector control is
commonly practiced today, but many dislike its use because of the disruption to the household.
Further, indiscriminate use of insecticide leads to development of resistance and creates the potential
for environmental hazards. Personal protective measures for the protection of human beings from the
painful bites of blood-sucking organisms are a practical alternative to insecticides. An effective personal
protection against disease vectors is particularly important for armed forces who may experience
additional exposure because of their profession.
