ABSTRACT
Introduction ...................................................................................................................................347
Physical Properties and Sources ...................................................................................................348
Toxicology.....................................................................................................................................348
Efficacy ..........................................................................................................................................350
References .....................................................................................................................................350
PMD (p-menthane-3,8-diol) has a long history, but this active ingredient only recently became an
important component of commercial repellents in the U.S. Ironically, the USDA rejected PMD as a
promising repellent during its screening of many chemicals prior to 1955.
