ABSTRACT
The European Union (EU), through Directives, sets a context for much of the implementation of environmental policies in member states in Europe. These are translated into national initiatives, and ‘landscape’ is one topic that cuts across a number of policy boundaries. Relevant ‘horizontal’ measures at the European Community scale have included the Programme of Policy and Action in relation to Environment and Sustainable Development1 and the Sixth Environment Action Programme2. Both of these have involved landscape protection and management as global means of ensuring that wider environmental goals are achieved.
